Nka tekinoroji yo kugenzura igaragara, tekinoroji yo gupima amashusho igomba kumenya gupima ingano.Ibipimo byukuri byahoze ari indangagaciro yingenzi ikurikiranwa n'ikoranabuhanga.Sisitemu yo gupima amashusho mubisanzwe ikoresha ibikoresho byerekana amashusho nka CCDs kugirango ubone amakuru yishusho, uyihindure mubimenyetso bya digitale hanyuma uyakusanyirize muri mudasobwa, hanyuma ukoreshe tekinoroji yo gutunganya amashusho mugutunganya ibimenyetso byamashusho kugirango ubone amashusho atandukanye asabwa.Kubara ingano, imiterere namakosa yumwanya bigerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bwa kalibrasi kugirango uhindure ingano yishusho yamakuru muri sisitemu yo guhuza amashusho na sisitemu yukuri.
Mu myaka yashize, kubera iterambere ryihuse ry’ubushobozi bw’inganda n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya, hagaragaye umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa bifite ubunini bubiri bukabije, aribwo bunini n’ubunini buto.Kurugero, gupima ibipimo byindege byindege, gupima ibice byingenzi byimashini nini, gupima EMU.Ibipimo by'ingenzi bipima mikorobe Ibice biganisha kuri miniaturizasi y'ibikoresho bitandukanye, gupima micro-ibipimo bikomeye muri microelectronics na biotechnologie, nibindi, byose bizana imirimo mishya yo kugerageza ikoranabuhanga.Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima amashusho rifite intera yagutse yo gupima.Biragoye rwose gukoresha ibipimo gakondo byapimwe kumunzani nini nto.Tekinoroji yo gupima amashusho irashobora gutanga igipimo runaka cyikintu cyapimwe ukurikije ibisabwa neza.Kwegera cyangwa gukuza kugirango ukore imirimo yo gupima bidashoboka hamwe no gupima imashini.Kubwibyo, niba ari ibipimo binini cyane cyangwa ibipimo bito, uruhare runini rwikoranabuhanga ryo gupima amashusho ruragaragara.
Muri rusange, twerekeza ku bice bifite ubunini buri hagati ya 0.1mm na 10mm nkibice bito, kandi ibyo bice bisobanurwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga nkibice bya mesoscale.Ibisabwa byuzuye muribi bice biri hejuru cyane, mubisanzwe kurwego rwa micron, kandi imiterere iragoye, kandi uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gutahura buragoye guhuza ibikenewe byo gupimwa.Sisitemu yo gupima amashusho yabaye uburyo busanzwe mugupima micro-ibice.Ubwa mbere, tugomba gushushanya igice kiri munsi yikizamini (cyangwa ibintu byingenzi bigize igice kiri munsi yikizamini) binyuze mumurongo wa optique ufite ubunini buhagije kumashusho ahuye.Shaka ishusho ikubiyemo amakuru yintego yo gupima yujuje ibisabwa, hanyuma ukusanye ishusho muri mudasobwa ukoresheje ikarita yo kugura amashusho, hanyuma ukore gutunganya amashusho no kubara ukoresheje mudasobwa kugirango ubone ibisubizo byo gupima.
Tekinoroji yo gupima amashusho mubice bya micro ahanini ifite inzira ziterambere zikurikira: 1. Komeza kunoza neza ibipimo.Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza urwego rwinganda, ibisabwa byuzuye kubice bito bizarushaho kunozwa, bityo bizamura ukuri kwukuri gupima ibipimo byikoranabuhanga ryo gupima amashusho.Mugihe kimwe, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibikoresho byerekana amashusho, ibikoresho bihanitse cyane nabyo bituma habaho uburyo bwo kunoza sisitemu.Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri tekinoroji ya sub-pigiseli hamwe na tekinoroji ya super-resolution nayo izatanga inkunga ya tekiniki yo kunoza neza sisitemu.
2. Kunoza imikorere yo gupima.Imikoreshereze ya micro-ibice mu nganda iragenda yiyongera kurwego rwa geometrike, imirimo iremereye yo gupima 100% kumurongo no kwerekana urugero bisaba gupima neza.Hamwe nogutezimbere ubushobozi bwibikoresho nka mudasobwa hamwe no gukomeza kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya amashusho algorithms, imikorere ya sisitemu yo gupima amashusho izanozwa.
3. Menya ihinduka rya micro-ibice kuva muburyo bwo gupima ingingo kugeza muburyo rusange bwo gupima.Ishusho ihari yo gupima ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga bigarukira kubipimo byo gupima, kandi mubyukuri ushushanya igice cyingenzi kiranga agace gato, kugirango tumenye gupima ibintu byingenzi biranga ingingo, kandi biragoye gupima ibintu byose cyangwa ibintu byose biranga ingingo.
Hamwe nogutezimbere ibipimo byukuri, kubona ishusho yuzuye yikigice no kugera ku bipimo-byuzuye byo gupima ikosa ryimiterere rusange bizakoreshwa mubice byinshi kandi byinshi.
Muri make, mubijyanye no gupima micro-ibice, imikorere ihanitse yubuhanga buhanitse bwo gupima amashusho byanze bikunze bizahinduka icyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere cyubuhanga bwo gupima neza.Kubwibyo, kugura ibikoresho bya sisitemu sisitemu yabonye ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwibishusho, ishusho yumwanya uhagaze, sisitemu ya kalibrasi, nibindi, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byinshi byingirakamaro hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeye.Kubwibyo, iryo koranabuhanga ryahindutse ahantu h’ubushakashatsi haba mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, kandi ryabaye kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga rigenzura.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-16-2022