Inkomoko y'amakosa adahinduka yaImashini yo gupimaahanini harimo: ikosa ry’imashini ipima ibintu mu buryo buhuriweho, nk’ikosa ry’uburyo buyobora (umurongo ugororotse, kuzunguruka), guhinduka kwa sisitemu y’igenzura, ikosa ry’icyuma gipima ibintu, ikosa ry’ingano isanzwe; ikosa riterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye bifitanye isano n’imiterere y’ibipimo, nk’ingaruka z’ibidukikije byo gupima (ubushyuhe, umukungugu, nibindi), ingaruka z’uburyo bwo gupima n’ingaruka z’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidasobanutse, nibindi.
Inkomoko y'amakosa y'imashini ipima ibintu iragoye cyane ku buryo bigoye kuyamenya no kuyatandukanya imwe imwe no kuyakosora, kandi muri rusange niyo soko y'amakosa ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buziranenge bw'imashini ipima ibintu ihuza ibintu n'izoroshye gutandukanya ari zo zikosorwa. Kuri ubu, ikosa ryakoreweho ubushakashatsi cyane ni ikosa ry'imikorere y'imashini ipima ibintu ihuza ibintu. Inyinshi muri CMM zikoreshwa mu gukora ni CMM za orthogonal coordinate system, kandi kuri CMM rusange, ikosa ry'imikorere ahanini ryerekeza ku ikosa ry'igice cy'ingendo, harimo ikosa ryo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya, ikosa ryo kugororoka, ikosa ryo kugenda ryinjira, n'ikosa ryo kuzenguruka.
Gusuzuma ukuri kw'ibyoimashini ipima ibintu hamwecyangwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa ikosora ry'amakosa, icyitegererezo cy'ikosa ry'imashini ipima coordinate gikoreshwa nk'ishingiro, aho ibisobanuro, isesengura, ihererekanya ry'amakosa n'ikosa ryose rya buri kintu cy'ikosa bigomba gutangwa. Icyo bita ikosa ryose, mu kugenzura neza CMMs, bivuga ikosa rihuriweho rigaragaza imiterere y'ukuri ya CMMs, ni ukuvuga, ukuri kw'ibimenyetso, ukuri ko gusubiramo, nibindi: mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukosora amakosa ya CMMs, bivuga ikosa rya vector ry'ingingo z'ahantu.
Isesengura ry'amakosa y'imikorere
Imiterere ya CMM, umurongo uyobora ugabanya umudendezo w’igice kiyobowe na wo, kandi uburyo bwo gupima bugenzura umudendezo wa gatandatu w’umudendezo mu cyerekezo cy’ingendo, bityo aho igice kiyoborwa mu kirere gishyirwa mu bipimo hakurikijwe umurongo uyobora n’uburyo bwo gupima bugomba kuba burimo.
Isesengura ry'amakosa y'iperereza
Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa CMM probes: contact probes zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: switching (izwi kandi nka touch-trigger cyangwa dynamic signaling) na scanning (izwi kandi nka proportional cyangwa static signaling) hakurikijwe imiterere yazo. Amakosa yo guhindura probe aterwa na switch stroke, probe anisotropy, switch stroke dispersion, reset dead zone, nibindi. Ikosa ryo gusuzuma probe riterwa na force a displacement relation, displacement a displacement relation, cross-coupling interference, nibindi.
Uburyo bwo guhinduranya icyuma gipima icyuma gipima icyuma n'uburyo gikorana n'ubwoya bw'icyuma, uburyo bwo guhinduranya icyuma gipima intera. Iri ni ikosa rya sisitemu y'icyuma gipima. Uburyo bwo guhinduranya icyuma ni ukudahuza kwa icyuma gipima icyuma mu mpande zose. Ni ikosa risanzwe, ariko akenshi rifatwa nk'ikosa ritunguranye. Gusenyuka kw'urugendo rw'icyuma bivuga urwego rwo gukwirakwiza icyuma mu gihe cyo gupima inshuro nyinshi. Igipimo nyacyo kibarwa nk'uburyo bwo guhinduranya icyuma mu cyerekezo kimwe.
Gusubiza inyuma umugozi bivuga ku kunyura mu mwanya w’inkoni ya probe uvuye ku mwanya w’uburinganire, gukuraho imbaraga zo hanze, inkoni mu mpeshyi isubira inyuma, ariko bitewe n’uruhare rw’ubushyamirane, inkoni ntishobora gusubira ku mwanya wayo wa mbere, ni ukunyura mu mwanya wayo wa mbere ari wo mugozi usubira inyuma.
Ikosa rya CMM ryinjijwemo
Ikosa ryitwa integrated integrated ni itandukaniro riri hagati y’agaciro kapimwe n’agaciro nyakuri k’intera iri hagati y’ingingo n’ingingo mu mwanya wo gupima wa CMM, rishobora kugaragazwa n’uburyo bukurikira.
Ikosa ryinjijwe mu buryo bufatika = agaciro ko gupima intera agaciro nyakuri k'intera
Kugira ngo CMM yemerwe kandi igenzurwe buri gihe, si ngombwa kumenya neza ikosa rya buri ngingo mu mwanya wo gupima, ahubwo ni ngombwa kumenya gusa ukuri kw'igikoresho cyo gupima, gishobora gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe ikosa rya CMM.
Ikosa ryashyizwe hamwe ntirigaragaza neza aho amakosa yaturutse n'ikosa rya nyuma ryo gupima, ahubwo rigaragaza gusa ingano y'ikosa iyo upima ingano zijyanye n'intera, kandi uburyo bwo gupima bworoshye.
Ikosa rya vector y'umwanya wa CMM
Ikosa rya vekteri y'umwanya risobanura ikosa rya vekteri ahantu hose mu mwanya wo gupima wa CMM. Ni itandukaniro riri hagati y'ingingo iyo ari yo yose mu mwanya wo gupima muri sisitemu nziza yo guhuza inguni y'iburyo n'imirongo itatu ijyanye nayo muri sisitemu nyayo yo guhuza yashyizweho na CMM.
Mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, ikosa rya vector y'umwanya ni ikosa ryuzuye rya vector riboneka binyuze mu guhuza vector y'amakosa yose y'uwo mwanya.
Ubuziranenge bwa CMM burasaba cyane, kandi bufite ibice byinshi n'imiterere igoye, hamwe n'ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku ikosa ryo gupima. Hari inkomoko enye z'ingenzi z'amakosa adahinduka mu mashini zifite umurongo munini nka CMM nk'izi zikurikira.
(1) Amakosa ya jeometrike aterwa no kudakora neza kw'ibice by'imiterere (nk'abayobora n'uburyo bwo gupima). Ayo makosa agenwa n'uburyo ibi bice by'imiterere byubatswe neza ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuyahindura mu gushyiraho no kuyabungabunga.
(2) Amakosa ajyanye n'ubukana buto bw'ibice bya CMM. Aterwa ahanini n'uburemere bw'ibice byimuka. Ayo makosa aterwa n'ubukana bw'ibice by'imiterere, uburemere bwabyo n'imiterere yabyo.
(3) Amakosa y'ubushyuhe, nko kwaguka no kunama k'ubuyobozi biterwa n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe bumwe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe. Ayo makosa agenwa n'imiterere y'imashini, imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ubushyuhe bwa CMM kandi aterwa n'amasoko y'ubushyuhe yo hanze (urugero: ubushyuhe bw'ikirere) n'amasoko y'ubushyuhe bw'imbere (urugero: igikoresho cyo gutwara).
(4) amakosa yo gupima no gupima, cyane cyane harimo impinduka mu gice cy'inyuma cy'imashini zipima bitewe no gusimbuza imashini, kongeramo inkoni ndende, kongeramo ibindi bikoresho; ikosa rya anisotropic iyo imashini ikoze ku gipimo mu byerekezo bitandukanye n'ahantu hatandukanye; ikosa ryatewe no kuzenguruka kw'imbonerahamwe yo gupima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-17-2022